辽宁省虫生真菌的2个新记录种

报道了在辽宁省丹东市白石砬子国家自然保护区采集到的2个辽宁省新记录种,即虫草科(Cordycip-itaceae)的下垂虫草(Cordyceps nutans Pat.)和日本棒束孢(1sariajaponica Yusuda),并描述了其形态特征和生境分布.     

A reconstruction of Palaeo‐Macaronesia,with particular reference to the long‐term biogeography of the Atlantic island laurel forests

Macaronesia is a biogeographical region comprising five Atlantic Oceanic archipelagos: the Azores, Madeira, Selvagen (Savage Islands), Canaries and Cape Verde. It has strong affinities with the Atlantic coast of the Iberian Peninsula and the north‐western fringes of Africa. This paper re‐evaluates the biogeographical history and relationships of Macaronesia in the light of geological evidence, which suggests that large and high islands may have been continuously available in the region for very much longer than is indicated by the maximum surface area of the oldest current island (27 Ma) – possibly for as long as 60 million years. We review this literature, attempting a sequential reconstruction of Palaeo‐Macaronesia from 60 Ma to the present. We consider the implications of these geological dynamics for our understanding of the history of colonization of the present islands of Macaronesia. We also evaluate the role of these archipelagos as stepping stones and as both repositories of palaeo‐endemic forms and crucibles of neo‐endemic radiations of plant and animal groups. Our principal focus is on the laurel forest communities, long considered impoverished relicts of the Palaeotropical Tethyan flora. This account is therefore contextualized by reference to the long‐term climatic and biogeographical history of Southern Europe and North Africa and by consideration of the implications of changes in land–sea configuration, climate and ocean circulation for Macaronesian biogeography. We go on to provide a synthesis of the more recent history of Macaronesian forests, which has involved a process of impoverishment of the native elements of the biota that has accelerated since human conquest of the islands. We comment briefly on these processes and on the contemporary status and varied conservation opportunities and threats facing these forests across the Macaronesian biogeographical region.     

海南莎草科一新记录属——针蔺属

报道了海南莎草科一新记录属——针蔺属(Trichophorum Persoon)及该属一新记录种——玉山针蔺[T.subcapitatum(Thwaites et Hooker)D.A.Simpson].     

海南猕猴岭自然保护区海南锥+黄牛木群落特征研究

采用样地调查法,对海南猕猴岭自然保护区海南锥+黄牛木（Castanopsis hainanensis Merr.+Cratoxylum cochinchinense（Lour.）Blume）群落的植物区系组成、结构特征和物种多样性进行研究。结果显示：（1）在2500 m²样地中,有维管束植物39科73属85种;种子植物区系以热带性质为主。（2）生活型以高位芽为主,占94.12%;叶级以中型叶为主,占71.76%。（3）优势种群处于增长阶段;群落物种频度等级分布为A > C > B > E > D。（4）群落物种丰富度指数为9.85,均匀度指数为0.74,Simpson指数为0.95,Shannon-Wiener指数为3.29;优势种群的优势地位明显,但幼苗更新不足,群落均匀度和多样性指数较低,应加强就地保护力度。     

甘肃省大豆品种生育期组的划分及地理分布研究

甘肃省地域广大,地形复杂,气候多样,大豆品种资源丰富,但甘肃各地大豆品种生育期生态类型并不明确。本试验以25份MG 0~Ⅴ的北美大豆生育期组标准品种为对照,将从甘肃各地收集到的151个大豆品种在甘肃境内5个生态区进行生育期性状鉴定和生育期组划分。结果表明,甘肃地区种植的大豆品种的生育期组在MG 00和MGⅥ之间。在所鉴定的品种中,属MGⅣ的比例(44.37%)最高,其次为MGⅤ(29.14%)、MGⅢ(11.26%)、MGⅡ(4.64%)、MG 0(3.31%)、MGⅥ(3.31%)、MG 00(2.65%)和MGⅠ(1.32%)。归属于MGⅢ的品种主要分布在河西灌区,占该区域参试品种总数的47.62%;归属于MGⅣ的品种主要分布在中部地区和陇东旱塬区,占中部地区参试品种总数的56.67%,占陇东旱塬区的63.83%;归属于MGⅤ的品种主要分布在陇南地区,占该区域参试品种总数的61.40%。根据甘肃不同地区可成熟的最晚熟大豆品种的生育期组与当地经度、无霜期建立回归方程,推断甘肃省大豆各生育期组的地理分布区间,提出了基于生育期组的甘肃省大豆品种引种方案,以期为甘肃地区大豆育种和品种布局提供科学依据。     

灰白蚕蛾生物学特性及其防治

灰白蚕蛾OcinaravariansWalker是小叶榕 (FicusbenjamingMig)的主要害虫之一。幼虫危害叶片或嫩梢 ,被危害的叶片呈透明状或缺刻 ,严重时将整株叶片吃光。此虫在海南岛 1年发生 1 0代 ,1代一般需要 30d左右 ,最长的需要 6 0d。完成 1代有效积温为 5 0 1 5日·度 ,发育起点温度为 1 0 6℃ ,可采用90 %的敌百虫 80 0倍稀释液喷雾防治     

中国浙江新昌化石木研究

本文介绍了发现于中国东南沿海地区浙江省新昌县中生代地层中的一种化石木新种———新昌南洋杉型木 (AraucarioxylonxinchangenseDuansp .nov .)。这种化石木保存在早白垩世馆头组中、下部的紫红色泥砂岩中 ,分布在新昌县城西部 ,南北绵延 2 5公里、东西宽约 2公里的狭长地区。由于在化石木产区曾发现过多种植物化石 ,因而确定了该区在早白垩世时期处于我国的欧洲 中国植物区内 ,属亚热带 热带气候区 ,种种迹象表明此时气候有些干旱。同区发现的松柏目叶化石 ,其气孔构造与南洋杉科有一定的亲缘关系 ,这一点似乎与化石木之属可以对应。     

Characterization of digestive carbohydrase activity in the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata)

Six species of Phallodrilinae are reported from Hainan Island in southern China. The mesopsammic Aktedrilus yiboi sp. nov. is new to science. It is characterized by a combination of (1) small, straight, conical, strongly cuticularized penis sheaths, (2) posterior prostate glands being associated with the most ectal parts of the atria, and (3) small spermathecal ampulla. Bathydrilus ampliductus Erséus, 1997 is recorded for the first time since it was originally described from Australia's Northern Territory.     

海南坡鹿雄鹿发情期的吼叫行为及其在繁殖中的意义

1998年 3～ 5月期间 ,于海南省大田国家级自然保护区的养鹿场内共记录到 7只半野生海南坡鹿(Cervuseldihainanus)雄鹿发情期 4 6次吼叫 ,但未见到雌鹿发出吼叫的现象。记录到的所有吼叫均由年龄大于4 5岁的雄鹿发出 ,其中 1只雄鹿的吼叫达 2 2次 ,占 4 7 8%。雄鹿的吼叫由连续的 3～ 13声组成 ,整个吼叫过程持续 9～ 2 3s ,吼叫频率为 [3 4 74± 6 90 ( 2 5 ) ]声 /min。雄鹿每次的吼叫声数及持续时间存在显著的个体差异。雄鹿的吼叫在白天和夜间均能听见 ,但主要发生于 8:0 0～ 9:5 9及 17:0 0～ 17:5 9两个时间段。吼叫是雄鹿繁殖活动的一个表现指标 ,它与雄鹿的蹭角、泥浴、争斗胜利、交配成功或追逐发情雌鹿等优势行为显著正相关。因此 ,我们认为吼叫是雄鹿发情行为中的一种优势炫耀行为 ,具有明显的繁殖意义。     

贵州茂兰喀斯特的自然森林景观

茂兰位于贵州省东南部,这里有茂密原始的喀斯特森林,它的原生性与其完好的保护状态使之成为极其重要的自然资源,它有独特多样的喀斯特地貌,有种类繁多的动植物类型,这里林木苍翠,山水奇异,是科研与旅游的理想场所。